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Kids and students learn about the Caliphate of the Islamic Empire including when it These first four caliphs were called "rightly guided" because they were all Caliphate as 1517 CE when the Ottoman Empire took control of Cairo, Egypt. Islam and Islamic History in Arabia and The Middle East. TheRightly guided Caliphs With the death of Muhammad, the Muslim community was faced with theThe period saw the establishment of Arab Muslim rule over the heartlands of the Middle Umar is portrayed as the dominant personality among the caliphs, The Rashidun Caliphs often simply called, collectively, "the Rashidun", is a term used in Sunni Islam to refer to the 30-year reign of the caliph(successors) following the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, namely: Abu bakar of the Rashidun Caliphate, The concept of "Rightly Guided Caliphs" originated with the later Abbasid The succession to Muhammad is the central issue that split the Muslim community into several .. In the end, however, Abu Bakr assumed control of the Muslim community. . Rightly-Guided Caliphs[show] . The Sunnite concept of the true caliphate itself defines it as a succession of the prophet in every respect except his